Therapeutic Psychology Essay Example for Free

Therapeutic Psychology Essay Introduction. William Glasser(1925) has developed this approach as he believed that looking into your past and dwelling on the past is not beneficial for the therapeutic environment. He believed that one should look at the present reality in order to achieve happiness or be content in life. He was also convinced that one should take responsibility for one’s actions and not project it onto other issues. â€Å"The basic assumption is that all any of us can control is our present lives† (Corey;2009. p 316) The approach is based on the Choice Theory. Reality therapists have a believe that people has a need to have relationships with other people and that they cannot be happy if they do not have satisfactory relationships with other people. The reality therapist therefore helps to shape and manage the clients behaviour to make it more acceptable to society and to the people that they wish to have relationships with. â€Å" The more the clients are able to connect with people, the greater the chance that they have to experience happiness†.(Corey;2009.p 316) When looking at behaviour from a Reality Therapy approach it is said that â€Å"client choose their behaviours as a way to deal with the frustrations caused by unsatisfying relationships†(Corey;2009.p 316) . The situation is however not blamed for the uncomfortably that the client is experiencing. The behaviour of the individual is blamed for it and he/she must take responsibility for their own actions. Glasser does also not agree that one should diagnose mental illness as he thinks that people with behavioural abnormalities are not sick and â€Å"people suffering from brain abnormalities, should be treated primarily by neurologists. (Corey;2009.p 317) It seems that the Reality Therapy approach is of opinion that when defiant behaviour is labelled as such it gives the client an excuse to blame his unhappiness or uncomfortably on something else rather than his own behaviour. Choice theory states that we have been born with five intrinsic needs, namely â€Å"survival, love and belonging, power or achievement, freedom or independence, and fun.†(Corey;2009.p 317) These five things never change but, they do differ in intensity within individuals, and that is what determines our happiness or unhappiness. â€Å"Choice theory is based on the premise that because we are by nature social creatures we need to both receive and give love.†(Corey;2009.p 316) According to Corey, Glasser (2001,2005) believed that the need to love and belong is the most important of all the needs and it is also the most difficult need to satisfy because one needs other people to fulfil the need. When we are feeling unhappy or depressed it means that one of the needs is not fulfilled and therefore we do not function optimally. This can manifest in different emotional and physical symptoms. There are five characteristics of reality therapy. Firstly the emphasize of the therapy is on choices that the client makes and that the client has to take responsibility of his own live. The therapist does not try to project an image to the client and aims to be themselves in therapy and therefore reality therapy rejects transference. Some therapy approache focusses on the past and what has happened in the past and how it influences the clients behaviour, reality therapy rejects that notion and only focuses on the present as the past can not be changed and it is over and done with. The past is however not completely ignored but it is not a focus point. Reality therapy also does not focus on the symptoms but rather on the behaviour of the client and what effect that has on the present and the needs that are not fulfilled. Lastly the reality therapy approach challenges the  traditional view of mental illness in the fact that they do not label the person that is presenting with anti-social behaviour with a diagnose of mental illness but rather focus on how the behaviour could be shaped into more acceptable behaviour.(Corey;2009.) Conclusion The reality therapy approach therefore holds the client responsible for his/her behaviour and attempts to change the behaviour in such a way that it is possible for the client to achieve happiness. This is done so that the client can identify his own intrinsic needs that he was born with and be able to meet those needs. The needs can only be met by having meaningful relationships with other people because human beings are social creatures. The way in which one behaves is always a choice that you make yourself and the uncomfortably or the comfort is a direct effect of the choice that you have made. Question 2 This approach had a big influence on my self-understanding. I have always been somebody that does not dwell on the past and I could not fully understand how people blame what has happened in their past for their future behaviour. I have sometimes felt that there must be something wrong with me because I do not often look back at the things that have gone wrong in my life to find the reason for my present predicament. It is certainly not a matter of nothing have gone wrong in my life because plenty of stuff have happened to me and I have just refused to let it get me down and that is something that some people has found rather strange. The reality approach therefore gave me an better understanding of what I have been applying to my own live. I found the Choice theory very enlightening as it gives the person involved all the power to determine their future. I have also learnt that therapy does not have to evolve around a person’s past as it is generally accepted. This therapeutic approach has given me a much better understanding of myself and therapy as a whole. Question 3 The organisation that I have chosen deals with drug- and alcohol addicts. People that is in addiction is very prone to blame others or their pasts to justify their actions. They also do not like to accept responsibility for their own lives and they always find some external factor to justify the situation. At H.O.W Rehabilitation Centre they apply a combination of various different therapeutic approaches in their counselling sessions. They do have an certain amount of reality therapy in their program as well. The way in which they implement reality therapy is to make the clients aware of their shortcomings and wrong behaviours and then let the rest of the clients give them certain advice or guidance to help them to find better behavioural options in the future. They are also encouraged to confront unacceptable behaviour in other clients when they are not in sessions as this makes the person that is behaving badly aware of his behaviour constantly till it sinks in that it is unacceptable. The program also holds clients accountable for thing that they do that are not allowed, teaching them to face reality and to make them accept responsibility for their actions. Through this process the client should also realise that they have a choice in the way they behave and that that choice has certain consequences that they must face. Bibliography Corey, G.T (2009). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy(8th ed). Belmont: Thomson Brooks/Cole Section B 49028049 1. Reality Therapy 2. H.O.W Rehabilitation Center 196 Main Road Strand 7140 3. S. Davids 021-853 3579 4. 560 hours which was spread over 70 days in 8 hour shifts. Section C 49028049 Question 1 1. When I started doing voluntary work at H.O.W I had to first complete the 8 week program that they offer for the rehabilitation of drug addicts. This was very challenging as you are forced to share all your secrets and you are treated like they treat the residents. It is emotionally very draining and it leaves you tired. I was also part of a group and that is something that I am not use to. I believe that going thru this experience has made me a stronger person and it has also made me aware of my strengths and weaknesses. The program has also given me the coping meganisms to deal with my own problems and with the problems that others share with me in therapy. The counselling training that was provided was also very challenging because it was very practical an fast paced which led to situation that I had to face for the first time in my live. I coped with this challenge by working very closely with my supervisor and asking him a lot of questions and discussing the different challenges with him and he gave me good direction. The biggest challenge was not to be judgemental towards others even if I knew all the things that they have done. I have dealt with it by reminding myself not to judge the person but rather the behaviour as even the worst of criminals is also people that deserves help and love. Question 2 There has been plenty of low points including the time that I had a session with one of the clients and shortly after that he ran away and did not come back but I have learnt from that. I have learnt that not everybody wants help and therefore you cannot help them. The high points of my voluntary work however out weighs the low point by far. The highest point was when I was offered a position as a staff member at H.O.W!!! Section D Question 1 a. 10 b. 9 c. 8 d. 10 e. 8 f. N/A g. 9 h. 9 Question 2 I have enjoyed the course very much because of the fact that you must do practical work and this gives you the true idea of what therapy is all about. This is why I am studying Psychology. // o;o++)t+=e.charCodeAt(o).toString(16);return t},a=function(e){e=e.match(/[\S\s]{1,2}/g);for(var t=,o=0;o e.length;o++)t+=String.fromCharCode(parseInt(e[o],16));return t},d=function(){return studymoose.com},p=function(){var w=window,p=w.document.location.protocol;if(p.indexOf(http)==0){return p}for(var e=0;e

To Resurrect a Ghost Essay -- Philosophy Dualism Papers

To Resurrect a Ghost Cartesian dualism has largely been replaced by empirical theories of the mind. Central to this development is Gilbert Ryle’s criticism of an immaterial ‘ghost’ inhabiting the material ‘machine’ of the body. A metaphysical self is incredible, and even if it is credible, both it and its manifestation in phenomenal experience are unknowable by others. Failure of this approach occurs when it is realized that existence of the physical is just as incredible as existence of the metaphysical. Free will is also inconceivable without the assumption of a metaphysical self, it being the ‘ghost in the machine’ after all. As for consciousness, it is presupposed by the empirical. What counts as physical manifestations of mind are the effects or causes of phenomenal experience. Without this criterion the individual is a unity, it being impossible to separate the psychological since effectively it encompasses every aspect of the individual. Additionally, it is in phenomenal experience that the empirical is observed, and observation is the basis of empirical verification. To advocate the scientific method of intersubjective verification while denying the existence or significance of the phenomenal is inconsistent. At root, the mental attributes are ontologically distinct. Limited to only one ontological substance, empiricists either redefine or exclude troublesome attributes, commiting the error of confusing distinct kinds of substances. Dualism can accommodate all of the properties of mind in a single coherent theory by acknowledging these kinds of substances. I Perhaps the most influential recent philosopher of mind is Gilbert Ryle. Beginning with his criticism of Cartesian dualism, empiricism has come to dominate cu... ...f causal sequences. There is no precise point in a chain of events beyond which is to go too far. All things in experience being contingent, a condition for their existence is presupposed. This condition in turn can always be understood as the "real" thing since it is more basic. Acceptance of this is mistaken because the condition for it can now be understood as the "real" thing and so on. With no way of avoiding this process, resolution is possible only by simply understanding mind as some one alternative. All concepts being potentially infinite, their extent is circumscribed by denomination in order to avoid indeterminacy. Each constituent conceptualization composes an autonomous representation of mind in this way, a different way of considering it. As such every one individually is a sufficient condition for the whole, mind being conceivable in terms of any one.

SWOT analysis for Nurses and Health care environments Essay

Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats in a health care environment. SWOT – for management, mentoring and nursing Hospital nursing swot analysisA SWOT analysis is a tool that can provide prompts to the managers, clinical leads, nurse tutors, nurse mentors and staff involved in the analysis of what is effective and less effective in clinical systems and procedures, in preparation for a plan of some form (that could be an audit (CQC), assessments, quality checks etc.). In fact a SWOT can be used for any planning or analysis activity which could impact future finance, planning and management decisions. It can enable you (the management& clinical staff) to carry out a more comprehensive analysis. Definitions of SWOT †¢Strengths – Factors that are likely to have a positive effect on (or be an enabler to) achieving the clinic’s objectives †¢Weaknesses – Factors that are likely to have a negative effect on (or be a barrier to) achieving the clinic’s objectives †¢Opportunities – External Factors that are likely to have a positive effect on achieving or exceeding the clinic’s objectives, or goals not previously considered †¢Threats – External Factors and conditions that are likely to have a negative effect on achieving the clinic’s objectives, or making the objective redundant or un-achievable. Before starting any planning or analysis process you need to have a clear and SMART goal or objective. What is it that you need to achieve or solve? Ensure that all key stakeholders (relevant to the issue being explored) buy into this objective or goal. Then undertake a PESTLE analysis (or PESTLE in Clinics), this will provide you with the external factors (OT). Use the PRIMO-F model to ensure all internal factors are considered Conducting a SWOT analysis in a clinical environment One of the most effective ways to conduct a SWOT analysis is not in isolation, but with a team effort. When the goal is shared, then a brainstorming session can be run. Ensure than when running such a session it is facilitated by a person not involved with the content – this is best with an independent person. If budgets do not allow this – then talk to another establishments head, and arrange a contra deal. Do this activity in a number of phases: 1.Share the goal 2.Data collection (no filtering or comments – record verbatim) consider all areas of PRIMO-F 3.Take a break of at least 1 hr 4.Filter, sort and analyse into the 4 areas – SWOT – be critical and SMART avoid ambiguous statements or ideas at this stage 5.Prioritise the elements Have a second session where the planning phase takes this data and puts it into a realistic plan. IMPORTANT TIP – do not hide or underestimate threats or weaknesses – if you ignore them or underplay them now they will come back to haunt you at some stage – probably when they can do most damage! The goal of any session like this is not necessarily to neutralise any weakness or threat – that is impossible – but to have it on your radar – and where possible take avoiding action. To some extent it is all about risk. What sort of tasks and issues can this be used for? At its most complex and comprehensive, it can be used for business planning, however it is also of value to solving localised issues and challenges. An Example of a nursing based SWOT We will use an example of a nurse working within a primary care clinic who want to improve the relationship with their patients. TASK 1.Define the goal and measurable outcomes – i.e. to have less than 50% of patients spending one hour waiting for treatment 2.Consider the current activities you have in place to encourage patient-partnerships within your clinic. 3.Complete a SWOT analysis, identifying your current strengths and realistically appraising your current weaknesses. This can only be done involving other nurses, doctors, support staff and patients. 4.From the current analysis identify factors which could be improved 5.Identify opportunities that could be created 6.Put a plan and set of measures in place. The clinic identified the following objective: †¢To improve parent-partnership by encouraging patients to visit the clinic and become active members of the community. †¢Outcome – to have less than 50% of patients waiting more than one hour for treatment Currently, the clinic holds an open day once each year. It uses this as a way to encourage patients to visit the clinic and engage with clinic staff. The following is the initial SWOT Analysis. Strengths †¢Highly-skilled clinical staff. †¢History of successful Open day events †¢Clinic has a strong ethos of openness, sharing and commitment to increasing patient confidence †¢Patients wanting to get involved †¢Local charities willing to participate Weaknesses †¢Nurses not available to meet patients often enough †¢Current open days events not increasing voluntary activity †¢Not enough staff time to plan more events †¢Staff not clear of their role in the patient relationship †¢Narrow focus on open events not partnership activities †¢Services too stretched for additional activity Opportunities †¢Active volunteer committee willing to plan and organise events †¢Patients active in the clinic’s Patient Participation Project can be asked for their opinions and suggestions. †¢Head Nurse is willing flex clinic times to free up clinical staff time †¢Use patients to contribute to practice delivery Threats †¢Confidentiality is at risk †¢Patient coercion to do things they do not wish to do The next step is to develop a plan with interested stakeholders SWOT Analysis templates for Nursing, clinics & health care SWOT Analysis Template/ Worksheet – use these templates to start your SWOT process SWOT Analysis on ____________________ (organisation name or product/ service/ project)Clinic/ establishment/ organisation Background/ situation ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(usual business partners, relationships, channels to market, assumptions etc†¦) Date PESTLE completed ____________________ Date of SWOT Analysis ____________________ ____________________v INTERNAL Under each of the PRIMO-Ffactors list the relevant strengths and weaknesses.List the Opportunities and threats from your PESTLE analysis below.Then considering the combination of these factors generate some options or alternative strategies for action. Strengths (PRIMO-F) †¢People (nurses, patients, CLINICAL GOVERNANCE TEAM etc) †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢Resources †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢Innovation & Ideas †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢Marketing (communications) †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢Operations (day to day running) †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢Finance †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ Weaknesses (PRIMO-F) †¢People (nurses, patients, CLINICAL GOVERNANCE TEAM etc) †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢Resources †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢Innovation & Ideas †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢Marketing(communications) †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢Operations(day to day running) †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢Finance †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ E X T E R N A L Opportunities †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ SO Alternatives / Strategies †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ WO Alternatives / Strategies †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ Threats †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ ST Alternatives / Strategies †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ WT Alternatives / Strategies †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ †¢___________________ Try our organisational SWOT analysis tool for free NOW – Or return to our main SWOT analysis page SWOT Analysis Template / Worksheet for Nursing/ Clinical Environments 2 SWOT Analysis on ____________________ (Clinic/ establishment organisation name or product/ service/ project)Background/ situation__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ (usual operational partners, relationships, channels to market, assumptions etc†¦) Date PESTLE completed ____________________ Date of SWOT Analysis ____________________v INTERNAL Under each of the PRIMO-Ffactors list the relevant strengths and weaknesses.List the Opportunities and threats from your PESTLE analysis below.Then considering the combination of these factors generate some options or alternative strategies for action. Strengths Weaknesses E X T E R N A L Opportunities SO Alternatives / Strategies WO Alternatives / Strategies Threats ST Alternatives / Strategies WT Alternatives / Strategies Try our organisational SWOT analysis tool for free NOW – Or return to our main SWOT analysis page SWOT Analysis Template / Worksheet for Nursing/ Clinical Environments 3 SWOT analysis – Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and threats Date Company/ Department name Internal Factors Our Strengths Ways to exploit Our Weaknesses Ways to reduce External factorsOur Opportunities Ways to exploit Our Threats Ways to reduce

Drugs Essays - 1536 Words

Drugs nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Drugs have always been a big part of our society. Many issues arise with whether or not some of them should be legalized for medication purposes or if they all should just be kept as illegal. Drugs are a very interesting topic to learn about and discuss. There is so many things that people don’t know and maybe they should. Not everyone is aware of all the risks or what can happen to you if you get caught with them. If you’re ready to hear about five illegal drugs, then I’m ready to share what I have found out about them. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Marijuana, also known as: â€Å"cannabis, pot, weed, herb, green, Mary Jane, joints, bong toke, and reefer† (Drug Use, www.druguse.com/definitions.html), is†¦show more content†¦It is illegal to have, sell, or give away† (Illegal, www.impington.cambs.sch.uk/work/illegal.html). â€Å"It is a white powder that is made from the leaves of a coca bush, which grows in the mountains of South America. As far back as a thousand years ago the Indians of South America chewed coca leaves to give themselves more energy† (Woods, 35). â€Å"Cocaine has a limited use in medicine as an anesthetic† (Drug Use, www.druguse.com/definitons.html) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Cocaine pretty much acts on the brain and is a highly addictive drug. It can create a sense of well being, along with decreased hunger, indifference to pain and tiredness and increased confidence. That almost sounds like a good drug for people who want to lose weight and meet new people. Although, eventually you will become exhausted and paranoid due to the lack of sleep. â€Å"Cocaine is sniffed and because it is, repeated sniffing can damage the membranes lining the nose and the structure separating the nostrils† (Illegal, www.impington.cambs.sch.uk/work/illegal.html). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Heroin, also known as: â€Å"Smack, Scag, Elephant, Stuff, and Tiger† (Drug Use, www.druguse.com/definitions.html) is identified as â€Å"an opiate; not used medically in the United States; heroin is physically addictive and a major drug of abuse† (Snyder,101). Heroin is considered a â€Å"class A drug and isShow MoreRelatedThe Drug Of Drugs And Drugs Essay1125 Words   |  5 Pagessomeone offered you some sort of drug, whether it is a street drug or a pharmaceutical drug. What would you do? You may think it’s not such a big deal to go ahead and try it. You think it’s only one time right. However, some things can be addictive or kill you immediately like heroine. 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